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LE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER
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ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM
Electric power for Complex 39 originates at the 69KV main substation located on the west side of Kennedy Parkway, opposite the Vehicle Assembly Building area° Power is supplied to this substation by the Florida Power and Light Company 69KV incoming transmission line. The main 69KV substation steps the voltage down to 13.8KV on both the indus_ trial bus and the instrumentation bus° These buses are normally isolated from one another, but can be connected in an emergency. The 13o8KV feeders originating in the main 69KV substation carry normal electrical power to the various Complex 39 areas. VAB and Adjacent Buildings _Utility Annex° Three phase, 13o8KV power is supplied to three switchgear assemblies and a 4160V substation at the Utilities Annex. The three switchgear assemblies each have a divided bus fed by a separate feeder. Should one feeder be lost, a switch is closed to connect the two bus sections together, feeding both sections from one feeder° There is no interconnection between the three switchgear assemblies° Two of the assemblies are connected to the industrial system and one is connected to the instrumentation _--_ system. The switchgear assemblies are used to control the supply of 13.8KV power to Substations throughout the VAB area. The connections are made so that a given substation receives power from two distinct sections of the switchgear. This provides greater reliability to the power distribution system. A dual substation in the Utilities Annex supplies the power for loads in the Annex. This substation is fed 13.81¢V power from the switchgear assemblies in the Annex° Each transformer feeds one bus. These buses are connected together should one transformer be unable to supply power. Power is supplied _--_ at 480V to loads or to transformers should a reduced voltage be required. The dual 4160V substation accepts power from two 13oSKV feeders and supplies three phase 4160V power to motor control centers which, in turn, supply power _ to large refrigeration system motors Emergency power for the VAB area is supplied by a diesel generator in the Utilities Annex. This generator starts automatically when normal power is lost. An automatic throwover switch in the 13KV switch cubicle transfers the essential feeder to the emergency system generator. When normal power is restored, a sequence is initiated to return the essential feeder to the normal power system. (See Figure 2.0-12) Emergency power in the Utility Annex is distributed by a substation which is fed by the essential feeder. Critical loads are fed at all times from this substation with exception of the elevator, which is automatically connected when normal power is lost. Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). Industrial power and instrumentation power at 13o8KV is supplied to oil switches in the VAB from the switchgear assemblies in the Utilities Annex. These oil switches supply power to substations located throughout the VABo These oil switches also feed power to several other facilities in the VAB area. (See Figure 2.0-13) Each substation has two feeds and two identical transformers° The two transformers feed separate buses that can be connected together should one transformer be unable to supply power. Power is supplied to loads at 480Vo Pedestals in the VAB provide instrumentation and industrial power at 13o8V for the Mobile Launchers while located in the VAB. Emergency power for the VAB is supplied from the diesel generator in the Utility Annex by the essential feeder. The essential feeder supplies emergency power to substations throughout the VABo These substations supply buses to which critical loads are connected at all times° Elevators are automatically con- _ nected to these buses when normal power is lost. Launch Control Center (LCC). Power is supplied to the LCC industrial and instrumentation substations from oil switches located in the VAB. This 13.SKV, three phase power is supplied to two identical transformers in each LCC substation which, in turn, feed a -_ divided 480V bus. These buses can be interconnected should one of the transformers be unable to deliver power. Should an instrumentation feeder be lost, the instrumentation substation is connected to one of the industrial feeders. Emergency power is supplied from the diesel generator in the Utility Annex by the essential feeder which comes through the VABo This feeder supplies a •substation in the LCC which, in turn, feeds the critical loads. Critical loads include lighting in corridors and stairways, obstruction lights, sump pumps, and one elevatoro Facilities in the VAB Area. Paint and Storage Area° The Paint and Storage Area is supplied 480V power from the Utility Annex. It is transformed down to 120/208V to meet area needs. No emergency power is supplied to this area. Water Treatment Area. The Water Treat- _ ment Area is supplied 480V power from the Utility Annex. No emergency power is supplied to the Water Treatment Area. Sewage Treatment Plant. Three phase 4 industrial power at 13.8KV is supplied to the Sewage Treatment Plant from oil switches in the VAB. A substation in the Sewage Treatment Plant supplies power to the loads at 480V. No emergency power is supplied to the Sewage Treatment Plant. High Pressure Gas Storage Area. Three phase industrial power at 13.8KV is supplied to the High Pressure Gas Storage Area from oil switches in the VAB. A substation in the High Pressure Gas Storage Area supplies power to the loads at 480V. No emergency power is supplied to the High Pressure Gas Storage Area. Ordnance Storage Area. Power is supplied at 480V to the Ordnance Storage Area from the substation in the High Pressure Gas Storage Area. _ No emergency power is supplied tQ the Ordnance Storage Area. Barge Terminal Facility. Power is supplied at 480V to the Barge Terminal Facility from the substation in the High Pressure Gas Storage Area. No emergency power is supplied to the Barge Terminal Facility. Launch Equipment Shop. Three phase industrial power at 13.8KV is supplied to the Launch Equipment Shop from oil switches in the VAB. A substation supplies the required voltage to the loads. No emergency power is supplied to the Launch Equipment Shop. Mobile Launcher Erection Area. This area is served three phase power at 13.8KV by an overhead line from the 69KV main substation. A substation in the area supplies the required voltage to the loads. Instrumentation Facility. Three phase industrial and instrumentation power at 13°8KV is supplied to sub-stations in "_ the Instrumentation Facility from oil switches in the VAB. The substations supply 120/208V power to the instrumentation bus and the industrial bus. (See Figure 2.0-14) Emergency power in the Instrumentation Facility is supplied by a 250KW, 120/208V diesel generator located in the facility° Upon loss of normal power the generator is automatically started and is automatically connected to the instrumentation r_ bus. A portion of the industrial bus can be manually connected to the emergency generator to maintain critical air conditioning° Crawlerway Area Converter Compressor Facility. Three phase industrial power is supplied at 13o8KV over two feeders to Switching Station #1A . which, in turn, supplies power to three substations in the facility° The 480V bus in each substation can be connected to the bus of the adjacent substation in the event a transformer should fail. However, the reactors used in the gas conversion process draw a heavy load and only one reactor can be used when a single transformer is supplying power to two buses. The substations supply loads at 480V. In addition to the Gas Converter, power is also supplied to Data Link Repeater Buildings i and 2_ (See Figure 2.0-1.5) Emergency power for CCF lighting is supplied by batteries° Mobile Servicing Structure Park° Three phase power is supplied to substation. Two 13.8KV feeders supply the two industrial buses. One 13.8KV feeder supplies the instrumentation bus. Switching Station #i supplies industrial power to the Mobile Servicing Structure Park. The three feeders continue on to Switching Station #2 at Pad A, and also to Switching Station #3, at Pad B. (See Figure 2.0-16) Loads in the MSS Park are supplied by a substation which receives three phase power at 13.SKV and supplies the required voltage to the loads. Three phase industrial power at 13.SKV is provided by Switching Station #i to the Mobile Servicing Structure interface unit in the MSS Park. The Mobile Servicing Structure has its own emergency power generators. (See Paragraph 2.5.2.9) Launch Pad A Area. Three phase power at 13.SKV is supplied from Switching Station #I to Switching Station #2, which distributes power to the various substations in the pad area. Switching Station #2 has two industrial power buses and one instrumentation power bus. Each bus can be connected to the adjacent bus in the event of a power failure. (See Figure 2.0-17) The substations in the pad area supply power at 480V with exception to 4160V, which is supplied three phase power to the fire water booster pump motors and the LOX pump motors. Substations are located in the pad area as follows:a. Remote Air Intake. b. LOX Facility. c. Main Gate. d. LOX Pump° e. ECS (2 substations). f. RP-!/LH2 Facility. g. Fire Water Booster Pump. h. PTCR-Industrial. i. PTCR-InStrumentation. In addition to the pad area substations, Switching Station #2 supplies three -_ phase 13.8KV power directly to" a. Mobile Servicing Structure Interface - industrial. b. Mobile Launch Interface - industrial .... c. Mobile Launch Interface - instrumentation. _ Emergency power on the pad is supplied by a 300KW, 480V diesel generator located in the PTCR building. Upon loss of normal power, the generator is started automatically. An automatic transfer switch supplies emergency power to critical circuits in the area, including two circuits to the Mobile Launcher Interface. Automatic transfer switches on the Mobile Launcher transfer the critical loads to the emergency power system. (See Figure 2.0-18) Also, critical loads in the pad area ...... include critical lighting and obstruction lighting_ Pad Water Pumping Station. The Pad Water Pumping Station is located on the crawlerway between Pad A and Pad B. It is supplied three phase, 13.8KV power from the industrial bus of Switching Station #3. A substation at the pumping station provides 480V power° No Emergency Power is supplied to the Pad Water Pumping Station. _ Mobile Launcher. Three phase industrial and instrumentation power at 13o8KV is supplied to the Mobile Launcher frpm interfaces at the VAB and the launch pad. Indust_ial po_e_ and instrumentation power are supplied through separate substations, however, instrumentation loads can be fed off the industrail substation should the normal supply be lost. The substations supply 480V power to loads. The ML emergency power circuits supply critical lighting, critical air conditioning, an elevator, and essential vehicle support. Emergency power at 480V is available to the Mobile Launcher during transit and at the pad. Emergency power is not available at the VABo A manual transfer switch on the Mobile Launcher provides for connection of the emergency circuits to either the Pad Emergency Power Interface or the In-Transit Crawler Power Interface. At the Pad, emergency power is supplied from the diesel generator in the PTCR building. Automatic transfer switches in the Mobile Launcher switch critical loads to the emergency supply in the event normal power is lost. In transit, power is available to the emergency circuits only. This power is supplied from diesel generators aboard the Crawler/Transporter. Figure 2.0-19 is a functional diagram of power distribution on the Mobile Launcher. Mobile Servicing Structure (MSS). Three phase industrial power is fed to the MSS at 13.8KV from interface units located in the MSS Park area and at the pad. A substation located in the MSS provides 480V to loads. In transit, power is available to the emergency system only. This power is .... supplied from diesel generators aboard the Crawler/Transporter. Manual transfer switches are provided to switch from normal power to in-transit Crawler power. On-board emergency power is available to the MSS at all times. Two 150KW, 480V, emergency diesel generators located on the MSS supply critical loads during loss of power from either the unit substation or the Crawler/Transporter. The generators are automatically started and are connected to the critical loads by an automatic transfer switch° One generator supplies power to elevator #2. The other generator supplies power to critical lighting, hoists, and hydraulic systems.
Le système de distribution de l'électricité du KSC n'a jamais connu de pannes sérieuses et n'a jamais arrêté un compte à rebours de lancement en 30 ans. Il est servit par une ligne de 115 kV en circuit fermé de la FPL qui désert deux transformateurs sur le LC39 et la zone d'Orsino. Un système redondant prend le relais en cas de défaillance de la ligne principale. N'importe laquelle des deux lignes peut prendre en charge l'alimentation du centre. Lors des périodes de lancement, la NASA lance des restrictions de consommations 72 heures avant le lancement. Vieillissant, le système de distribution électrique du centre a besoin d'un sérieux coup de "lifting". Le manque de crédit ne font que retarder l'échéance avec l'espoir que rien ne viennent ternir le déroulement des missions. Les 6 transformateurs (4 x 10MVA et 2 x 2,5 MVA) de la station Orsino dans la zone industrielle datent des années 1960. De plus leur configuration avec les 4 gros transformateurs sur deux lignes et les deux petits sur une autre fait qu'en cas de rupture, les lignes restantes ne pourraient accepter un gros niveau de puissance. En 2001-2002, FW&A a remplacé les 6 transformateurs par trois de même puissance (15 MVA), un sur chaque ligne avec la même capacité. Même dans les périodes d'été ou la demande est énorme 26 MVA, deux lignes seulement peuvent fournir la puissance avec de la marge. Si deux transformateurs venaient à faillir, un seul pourrait avec ses 15 MVA, plus 10 MVA grâce au système de refroidissement par air fournir les besoins du centre.
En 2003, avec
FP&L, la NASA passe un contrat de 3 millions $ pour limiter sa consommation électrique.
Dans les différents sites et bâtiments des aménagements sont réalisé pour
économiser l'électricité. La NASA a ainsi réalisé une économie de 8
milllions de kWh par an (équivalent de 442500 $), soit 20% de moins qu'en
1985. |